operant conditioning

“A relatively enduring change in behavior or knowledge that results from previous experience with certain stimuli and responses” is the definition of:
A.
learning

B.
imprinting

C.
extinction

D.
generalization

5 points

QUESTION 2
The Law of Effect is important in:
A.
classical conditioning

B.
operant conditioning

C.
cognitive learning

D.
latent learning

5 points

QUESTION 3
In Little Albert’s case, the rat was the NS.
A.
True

B.
False

5 points

QUESTION 4
In Pavlov’s laboratory experiments with dogs, the tone first served as a(n) ____, and later as a(n) ____.
A.
unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus

B.
neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus

C.
neutral response; unconditioned stimulus

D.
conditioned stimulus; neutral response

5 points

QUESTION 5
According to cognitive learning, learning can take place in an individual:
A.
who has not received any external rewards

B.
only if the learning is reflexive in nature

C.
who shows a change in behavior

D.
only when the behavior is followed by an effect

5 points

QUESTION 6
Of the following words, which one best describes systematic desensitization?
A.
learn

B.
stimulus

C.
uncondition

D.
acquire

5 points

QUESTION 7
After being classically conditioned to feel anxiety to aftershave, Carla finds that her deodorant, which smells similar to the aftershave, can elicit similar feelings. This best illustrates:
A.
extinction

B.
discrimination

C.
recovery

D.
generalization

5 points

QUESTION 8
Chipper, the family cocker spaniel, wags his tail when he hears Father’s car come up the driveway. Psychologists believe that Chipper does this because:
A.
Father must arrive home at the same time every day and Chipper’s internal clock triggers his response

B.
dogs will be aroused by any sounds originating from outside the house

C.
he has a cognitive representation of his master and this thought causes him to wag his tail

D.
the sound of the car predicts the entrance of his beloved master

5 points

QUESTION 9
If you wanted to use classical conditioning to get your friends to blink their eyes in response to the word “apple” what would you do?
A.
Pair the word “apple” with a puff of air to the eyes.

B.
Reinforce eye blinking with a slice of an apple.

C.
Reinforce eye blinking to the word “apple” with a dollar.

D.
Use punishment by application whenever your friend did not blink when hearing the word “apple.”

5 points

QUESTION 10
In Pavlov’s study, the conditioned response was:
A.
food

B.
a tone (bell)

C.
salivation

D.
fear

5 points

QUESTION 11
Of the following, which would a psychologist consider the best example of learning?
A.
a young man’s beard beginning to grow at age 15

B.
a woman experiencing labor pains

C.
salmon swimming upstream during the mating season

D.
a child acquiring the ability to ride a bicycle

5 points

QUESTION 12
In classical conditioning, when an organism responds to some stimuli, but not to others, the organism is demonstrating:
A.
discrimination

B.
generalization

C.
spontaneous recovery

D.
cognitive learning

5 points

QUESTION 13
In Pavlov’s study, the conditioned stimulus was:
A.
food

B.
a tone (bell)

C.
salivation

D.
fear

5 points

QUESTION 14
Roy’s knee jerks the first time a psychologist taps it with a small hammer during an experiment. The knee jerk is a(n):
A.
unconditioned stimulus

B.
conditioned response

C.
unconditioned response

D.
habit

5 points

QUESTION 15
In an experiment in which tones are generally followed by a puff of air directed at the subject’s eyes, repeated presentation of a tone without being followed by a puff of air on the eye would probably result in:
A.
classical conditioning

B.
extinction

C.
discrimination

D.
generalization

5 points

QUESTION 16
“I thought I was over that feeling of nausea following my conditioning to pizza a couple of months ago, but I guess not.” This best illustrates:
A.
spontaneous recovery

B.
partial extinction

C.
extinction

D.
cognitive learning

5 points

QUESTION 17
Learning can be best defined as:
A.
a change in behavior related to mental events

B.
a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge resulting from experience

C.
an improvement in abilities resulting from formal instruction

D.
the acquisition of information through research

5 points

QUESTION 18
When children, both black and white, were exposed to black dolls and white dolls, both sets of kids described the black dolls using which of the following words?
A.
ugly

B.
dishonest

C.
stringy

D.
stupid

5 points

QUESTION 19
“Whenever I smell that perfume, I think of my grandmother and all of the wonderful times we had together.” This best illustrates:
A.
systematic desensitization

B.
mood-enhanced response

C.
conditioned emotional response

D.
preparedness

5 points

QUESTION 20
At the beginning of his last vacation, Mike fell off a horse. He got right back in the saddle, though, and overcame his apprehension. If Mike experiences spontaneous recovery during his next vacation, he will:
A.
experience some fear of horses

B.
find that his riding skills have not left him

C.
like horseback riding more than ever

D.
demand that he ride the same horse again